mirror of
https://github.com/gsi-upm/sitc
synced 2024-12-22 11:48:12 +00:00
457 lines
9.5 KiB
Plaintext
457 lines
9.5 KiB
Plaintext
{
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"cells": [
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"![](http://www.upm.es/sfs/Rectorado/Gabinete%20del%20Rector/Logos/UPM/EscPolitecnica/EscUpmPolit_p.gif \"UPM\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Course Notes for Learning Intelligent Systems"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Department of Telematic Engineering Systems, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, © Carlos A. Iglesias"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Control Flow statements"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Python ends a statement with a colon (:) and blocks are denoted by the level of indentation. "
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "raw",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Example in Java:\n",
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"\n",
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"if (a < c) {\n",
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" a++;\n",
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" b++;\n",
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"}\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "raw",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"Example in Python: (observe: no parenthesis (), no ending semicolons (;) but a colon is used (:)\n",
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"if a < c:\n",
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" a++\n",
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" b++"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## 1. Conditional statements: if, elif, else"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"import random # import random before using it\n",
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"x = random.randrange(1, 10) # generate a random integer between [1, 10] (both included)\n",
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"x"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Execute several times in order the previous cell and this one\n",
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"if x < 5:\n",
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" print(\"Too small\")\n",
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"elif x == 5:\n",
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" print(\"Just in the middle\")\n",
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"else: \n",
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" print(\"Too big\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Only one branch\n",
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"if x <= 5:\n",
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" print(\"Too small\")\n",
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"else:\n",
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" print(\"Too big\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Python has no switch statement for multiple branches\n",
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"if x <= 4:\n",
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" print(\"Too small\")\n",
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"elif x <= 5:\n",
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" print(\"Small\")\n",
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"elif x <= 7:\n",
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" print (\"Big\")\n",
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"else:\n",
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" print(\"Too big\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## 2. Loops: for, while"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### 2.1. For"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# for with ranges\n",
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"for i in range(10): \n",
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" print(i)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# for with lists\n",
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"l = [1, 2, 3, 4]\n",
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"for i in l:\n",
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" print(i)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# for with tuples\n",
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"t = (1, 'a', 'b')\n",
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"for i in t:\n",
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" print(i)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# for with dictionaries\n",
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"d = {'k1':'v1', 'k2':'v2', 'k3':'v3'}\n",
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"for i in d:\n",
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" print(i)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# We get only the keys. If we want the pairs we need to create a generator (we will see this later)\n",
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"for k,v in d.items():\n",
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" print(k, v)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### 2.2. While"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"x = 5\n",
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"while x > 1:\n",
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" print(x)\n",
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" x -= 1 # Python does not have x--"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Else is optional\n",
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"x = 2\n",
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"while x < 5: \n",
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" print(x)\n",
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" x += 1"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"### 2.3. Break, continue, pass\n",
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"\n",
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"* **break**: break out of the smallest enclosing loop (for or while)\n",
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"* **continue**: continue with the next iteration of the loop\n",
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"* **pass**: do nothing\n",
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"\n",
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"Both *for* and *while* can include an optional statement else which is executed always unless a break statement is reached"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Example find an element, else executed at the end\n",
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"list = ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",
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"goal = 'c'\n",
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"for i in list:\n",
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" if i == goal:\n",
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" print('Goal found at index', i)\n",
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"else:\n",
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" print('End loop')"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Example else\n",
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"list = []\n",
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"goal = 'c'\n",
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"for i in list:\n",
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" if i == goal:\n",
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" print('Goal found at index', i)\n",
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"else:\n",
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" print('End loop')"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# We improve above code with break\n",
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"# Example else\n",
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"list = ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",
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"goal = 'c'\n",
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"for i in list:\n",
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" if i == goal:\n",
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" print('Goal found at index', i)\n",
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" break\n",
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"else:\n",
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" print('Goal not found')"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# We improve above code with break\n",
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"# Example else\n",
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"list = ['a', 'b', 'c']\n",
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"goal = 'e'\n",
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"for i in list:\n",
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" if i == goal:\n",
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" print('Goal found at index', i)\n",
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" break\n",
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"else:\n",
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" print('Goal not found')"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Print numbers from 0 to 15 which are not multiple of 3\n",
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"for i in range(15):\n",
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" if i % 3 == 0:\n",
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" continue\n",
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" print(i)"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Find the first occurrence of an element in a list\n",
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"l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 1, 2]\n",
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"goal = 4\n",
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"for n in l:\n",
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" if n == 4:\n",
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" print(\"Found\", n)\n",
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" break\n",
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"else:\n",
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" print(\"Not found\")"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Example of pass, when we do not want to do anything\n",
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"x = 4\n",
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"if x < 2:\n",
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" print(\"Low\")\n",
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"elif x >= 2:\n",
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" print(\"Big\")\n",
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"else:\n",
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" pass"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"## 3. List comprehension\n",
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"\n",
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"List comprehension are a simple way to create lists like we describe vectors in mathematics.\n",
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"\n",
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"S = {x² : x in {0 ... 9}}\n",
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"\n",
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"M = {x | x in S and x even}"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# Syntax: first what we want to include in the list (x) and then how to obtain x\n",
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"# list = {x : x in {0 ... 9}}\n",
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"list = [x for x in range(10)]\n",
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"list"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# list = {x² : x in {0 ... 9}}\n",
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"list = [x*x for x in range(10)]\n",
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"list"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"# list = {x² : x in {0 ... 9}, x is even}\n",
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"list = [x*x for x in range(10) if x % 2 == 0]\n",
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"list"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"# Licence"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"The notebook is freely licensed under under the [Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/). \n",
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"\n",
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"© Carlos A. Iglesias, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid."
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]
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}
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],
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"metadata": {
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"kernelspec": {
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"display_name": "Python 3",
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"language": "python",
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"name": "python3"
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},
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"language_info": {
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"codemirror_mode": {
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"name": "ipython",
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"version": 3
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},
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"file_extension": ".py",
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"mimetype": "text/x-python",
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"name": "python",
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"nbconvert_exporter": "python",
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"pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
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"version": "3.7.1"
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},
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"latex_envs": {
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"LaTeX_envs_menu_present": true,
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"autocomplete": true,
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"bibliofile": "biblio.bib",
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"cite_by": "apalike",
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"current_citInitial": 1,
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"eqLabelWithNumbers": true,
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"eqNumInitial": 1,
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"hotkeys": {
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"equation": "Ctrl-E",
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"itemize": "Ctrl-I"
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},
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"labels_anchors": false,
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"latex_user_defs": false,
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"report_style_numbering": false,
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"user_envs_cfg": false
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}
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},
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"nbformat": 4,
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"nbformat_minor": 1
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}
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