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{
"cells": [
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"![](http://www.upm.es/sfs/Rectorado/Gabinete%20del%20Rector/Logos/UPM/EscPolitecnica/EscUpmPolit_p.gif \"UPM\")"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Course Notes for Learning Intelligent Systems"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
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"Department of Telematic Engineering Systems, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, © 2016 Carlos A. Iglesias"
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]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Built-in Types: Sequences"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"**Sequences** are ordered collections of elements. The basic built-int sequence types are **lists**, **tuples** and **range** objets. There other sequence types for text strings (str, Strings) or binary data.\n",
"\n",
"Sequences can be mutable or inmutable, if their value can be changed or not, respectively.\n",
"* **lists** are mutable ordered sequences of values\n",
"* **tuples** are inmutable ordered sequences of values\n",
"* **ranges** are immutable sequences of numbers"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"source": [
"## 1. Lists"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l[0:3] # we can use slicing in sequence types"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"other_list = [1, 0.0, \"hola\"] #lists can have elements of different types"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"other_list"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l + other_list # we can add lists (append)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l * 3 # we can add n times a list"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"len(l) # length of a list (as Strings)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.append(7) #append at the end of the list. Check help with Shift-tab, and methods with tab"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l.pop() # remove last element"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l.pop(2) # remove element at index 2"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
"execution_count": null,
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": []
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.insert(2,3) # insert at index 2 the value 3"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.reverse()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.sort()"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l.remove(3) # remove first ocurrence of 3 from l. Remember: remove (element) vs pop(index)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"l[0] = 0 # lists are mutable"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"2 in l # check if an element is in a list"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"7 in l # check if an element is in a list "
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"4 not in l # check if an element is not in a list"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l.index(4) # search for an item"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"l.index(-1) # search for an item, error since it is not in the list"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"matrix = [[1,2], [3,4]] # matrix"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"matrix"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"matrix[0][0]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"matrix[0][1]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"type(matrix)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 2. Tuples"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
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"Tuples are *inmutable* sequences, typically used to store collections of heterogeneous data.\n",
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"\n",
"The main difference from lists is that lists are *mutable* while tuples are *inmutable*. Thus, tuples have not methods such as insert(), pop(), remove() or append() to change them.\n",
"\n",
"Tuples are faster than lists. Its main usage is when the collection is constant, or you do not want it can be changed (write protected). \n",
"\n",
"Tuples can be converted into lists and vice-versa, with the methods list() and tuple()."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"tuple = ('a', 1)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"tuple"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"source": [
"Tuples implement all the common [sequence operators](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#typesseq-common), such as slicing, concatenation, len, etc."
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"tuple[::-1]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"len(tuple)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"tuple * 2 + ('b', 'c', 2.1, True)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"tuple[1]"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"tuple[1] = 2 # Error, tuples are inmutable"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"type(tuple)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"## 3. Range"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {
"collapsed": true
},
"source": [
"A [range](https://docs.python.org/3/library/stdtypes.html#range) represents an immutable sequence of numbers. Ranges are created with two constructors: *range(stop)* or *range(start, stop, [step])*. \n",
"\n",
"The default *start* is 0 and the default *step* is 1. It generates a sequence [start, stop)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 1,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
"outputs": [],
"source": [
"r = range(10)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 2,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"range(0, 10)"
]
},
"execution_count": 2,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
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"source": [
"r"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 3,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"True"
]
},
"execution_count": 3,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
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"source": [
"5 in r # check if a number is in a range"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 4,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [
{
"data": {
"text/plain": [
"2"
]
},
"execution_count": 4,
"metadata": {},
"output_type": "execute_result"
}
],
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"source": [
"r[2] # Get a value"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"type(r)"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"list(range(10))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
"collapsed": false
},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
"list(range(1,10,2))"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"# Licence"
]
},
{
"cell_type": "markdown",
"metadata": {},
"source": [
"The notebook is freely licensed under under the [Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/). \n",
"\n",
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"© 2016 Carlos A. Iglesias, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid."
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]
}
],
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