soil/examples/events_and_messages/cars.py

"""
This is an example of a simplified city, where there are Passengers and Drivers that can take those passengers
from their location to their desired location.

An example scenario could play like the following:

- Drivers start in the `wandering` state, where they wander around the city until they have been assigned a journey
- Passenger(1) tells every driver that it wants to request a Journey.
- Each driver receives the request.
  If Driver(2) is interested in providing the Journey, it asks Passenger(1) to confirm that it accepts Driver(2)'s request
- When Passenger(1) accepts the request, two things happen:
    - Passenger(1) changes its state to `driving_home`
    - Driver(2) starts moving towards the origin of the Journey
- Once Driver(2) reaches the origin, it starts moving itself and Passenger(1) to the destination of the Journey
- When Driver(2) reaches the destination (carrying Passenger(1) along):
    - Driver(2) starts wondering again
    - Passenger(1) dies, and is removed from the simulation
- If there are no more passengers available in the simulation, Drivers die
"""
from __future__ import annotations
from soil import *
from soil import events
from mesa.space import MultiGrid


# More complex scenarios may use more than one type of message  between objects.
# A common pattern is to use `enum.Enum` to represent state changes in a request.
@dataclass
class Journey:
    """
    This represents a request for a journey. Passengers and drivers exchange this object. 

    A journey may have a driver assigned or not. If the driver has not been assigned, this
    object is considered a "request for a journey".
    """
    origin: (int, int)
    destination: (int, int)
    tip: float

    passenger: Passenger
    driver: Driver = None


class City(EventedEnvironment):
    """
    An environment with a grid where drivers and passengers will be placed.

    The number of drivers and riders is configurable through its parameters:

    :param str n_cars: The total number of drivers to add
    :param str n_passengers: The number of passengers in the simulation
    :param list agents: Specific agents to use in the simulation. It overrides the `n_passengers`
    and `n_cars` params.
    :param int height: Height of the internal grid
    :param int width: Width of the internal grid
    """
    def __init__(self, *args, n_cars=1, n_passengers=10,
                 height=100, width=100, agents=None,
                 model_reporters=None,
                 **kwargs):
        self.grid = MultiGrid(width=width, height=height, torus=False)
        if agents is None:
            agents = []
            for i in range(n_cars):
                agents.append({'agent_class': Driver})
            for i in range(n_passengers):
                agents.append({'agent_class': Passenger})
        model_reporters = model_reporters or {'earnings': 'total_earnings', 'n_passengers': 'number_passengers'}
        print('REPORTERS', model_reporters)
        super().__init__(*args, agents=agents, model_reporters=model_reporters, **kwargs)
        for agent in self.agents:
            self.grid.place_agent(agent, (0, 0))
            self.grid.move_to_empty(agent)

    @property
    def total_earnings(self):
        return sum(d.earnings for d in self.agents(agent_class=Driver))

    @property
    def number_passengers(self):
        return self.count_agents(agent_class=Passenger)


class Driver(Evented, FSM):
    pos = None
    journey = None
    earnings = 0

    def on_receive(self, msg, sender):
        '''This is not a state. It will run (and block) every time check_messages is invoked'''
        if self.journey is None and isinstance(msg, Journey) and msg.driver is None:
            msg.driver = self
            self.journey = msg

    def check_passengers(self):
        '''If there are no more passengers, stop forever'''
        c = self.count_agents(agent_class=Passenger)
        self.info(f"Passengers left {c}")
        if not c:
            self.die()

    @default_state
    @state
    def wandering(self):
        '''Move around the city until a journey is accepted'''
        target = None
        self.check_passengers()
        self.journey = None
        while self.journey is None:  # No potential journeys detected (see on_receive)
            if target is None or not self.move_towards(target):
                target = self.random.choice(self.model.grid.get_neighborhood(self.pos, moore=False))

            self.check_passengers()
            self.check_messages() # This will call on_receive behind the scenes, and the agent's status will be updated
            yield Delta(30) # Wait at least 30 seconds before checking again

        try:
            # Re-send the journey to the passenger, to confirm that we have been selected
            self.journey = yield self.journey.passenger.ask(self.journey, timeout=60)
        except events.TimedOut:
            # No journey has been accepted. Try again
            self.journey = None
            return

        return self.driving

    @state
    def driving(self):
        '''The journey has been accepted. Pick them up and take them to their destination'''
        while self.move_towards(self.journey.origin):
            yield
        while self.move_towards(self.journey.destination, with_passenger=True):
            yield
        self.earnings += self.journey.tip
        self.check_passengers()
        return self.wandering

    def move_towards(self, target, with_passenger=False):
        '''Move one cell at a time towards a target'''
        self.info(f"Moving { self.pos } -> { target }")
        if target[0] == self.pos[0] and target[1] == self.pos[1]:
            return False

        next_pos = [self.pos[0], self.pos[1]]
        for idx in [0, 1]:
            if self.pos[idx] < target[idx]:
                next_pos[idx] += 1
                break
            if self.pos[idx] > target[idx]:
                next_pos[idx] -= 1
                break
        self.model.grid.move_agent(self, tuple(next_pos))
        if with_passenger:
            self.journey.passenger.pos = self.pos  # This could be communicated through messages
        return True
            

class Passenger(Evented, FSM):
    pos = None

    def on_receive(self, msg, sender):
        '''This is not a state. It will be run synchronously every time `check_messages` is run'''

        if isinstance(msg, Journey):
            self.journey = msg
            return msg


    @default_state
    @state
    def asking(self):
        destination = (self.random.randint(0, self.model.grid.height), self.random.randint(0, self.model.grid.width))
        self.journey = None
        journey = Journey(origin=self.pos,
                          destination=destination,
                          tip=self.random.randint(10, 100),
                          passenger=self)

        timeout = 60
        expiration = self.now + timeout
        self.model.broadcast(journey, ttl=timeout, sender=self, agent_class=Driver)
        while not self.journey:
            self.info(f"Passenger at: { self.pos }. Checking for responses.")
            try:
                yield self.received(expiration=expiration)
            except events.TimedOut:
                self.info(f"Passenger at: { self.pos }. Asking for journey.")
                self.model.broadcast(journey, ttl=timeout, sender=self, agent_class=Driver)
                expiration = self.now + timeout
            self.check_messages()
        return self.driving_home

    @state
    def driving_home(self):
        while self.pos[0] != self.journey.destination[0] or self.pos[1] != self.journey.destination[1]:
            yield self.received(timeout=60)
        self.info("Got home safe!")
        self.die()


simulation = Simulation(name='RideHailing', model_class=City, model_params={'n_passengers': 2})

if __name__ == "__main__":
    with easy(simulation) as s:
        s.run()