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<!doctype html><html lang=en-us dir=ltr><head><meta charset=utf-8><meta name=viewport content='width=device-width,initial-scale=1'><meta name=description content="Tips and tricks for GNU/Linux and Unix"><title>Linux</title>
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</a><span class=emoji>💭</span></figure><div class=site-meta><h1 class=site-name><a href=/>J. Fernando Sánchez</a></h1><h2 class=site-description>My ramblings and reflections</h2></div></header><ol class=menu-social><li><a href=https://github.com/CaiJimmy/hugo-theme-stack target=_blank title=GitHub rel=me><svg class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-brand-github" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentcolor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none"/><path d="M9 19c-4.3 1.4-4.3-2.5-6-3m12 5v-3.5c0-1 .1-1.4-.5-2 2.8-.3 5.5-1.4 5.5-6a4.6 4.6.0 00-1.3-3.2 4.2 4.2.0 00-.1-3.2s-1.1-.3-3.5 1.3a12.3 12.3.0 00-6.2.0C6.5 2.8 5.4 3.1 5.4 3.1a4.2 4.2.0 00-.1 3.2A4.6 4.6.0 004 9.5c0 4.6 2.7 5.7 5.5 6-.6.6-.6 1.2-.5 2V21"/></svg></a></li><li><a href=https://git.sinpapel.es/balkian target=_blank title=gitea rel=me><svg viewBox="0 0 640 640" width="32" height="32"><path d="m395.9 484.2-126.9-61c-12.5-6-17.9-21.2-11.8-33.8l61-126.9c6-12.5 21.2-17.9 33.8-11.8 17.2 8.3 27.1 13 27.1 13l-.1-109.2 16.7-.1.1 117.1s57.4 24.2 83.1 40.1c3.7 2.3 10.2 6.8 12.9 14.4 2.1 6.1 2 13.1-1 19.3l-61 126.9c-6.2 12.7-21.4 18.1-33.9 12" style="fill:#fff"/><path d="M622.7 149.8c-4.1-4.1-9.6-4-9.6-4s-117.2 6.6-177.9 8c-13.3.3-26.5.6-39.6.7v117.2c-5.5-2.6-11.1-5.3-16.6-7.9.0-36.4-.1-109.2-.1-109.2-29 .4-89.2-2.2-89.2-2.2s-141.4-7.1-156.8-8.5c-9.8-.6-22.5-2.1-39 1.5-8.7 1.8-33.5 7.4-53.8 26.9C-4.9 212.4 6.6 276.2 8 285.8c1.7 11.7 6.9 44.2 31.7 72.5 45.8 56.1 144.4 54.8 144.4 54.8s12.1 28.9 30.6 55.5c25 33.1 50.7 58.9 75.7 62 63 0 188.9-.1 188.9-.1s12 .1 28.3-10.3c14-8.5 26.5-23.4 26.5-23.4S547 483 565 451.5c5.5-9.7 10.1-19.1 14.1-28 0 0 55.2-117.1 55.2-231.1-1.1-34.5-9.6-40.6-11.6-42.6M125.6 353.9c-25.9-8.5-36.9-18.7-36.9-18.7S69.6 321.8 60 295.4c-16.5-44.2-1.4-71.2-1.4-71.2s8.4-22.5 38.5-30c13.8-3.7 31-3.1 31-3.1s7.1 59.4 15.7 94.2c7.2 29.2 24.8 77.7 24.8 77.7s-26.1-3.1-43-9.1m300.3 107.6s-6.1 14.5-19.6 15.4c-5.8.4-10.3-1.2-10.3-1.2s-.3-.1-5.3-2.1l-112.9-55s-10.9-5.7-12.8-15.6c-2.2-8.1 2.7-18.1 2.7-18.1L322 273s4.8-9.7 12.2-13c.6-.3 2.3-1 4.5-1.5 8.1-2.1 18 2.8 18 2.8L467.4 315s12.6 5.7 15.3 16.2c1.9 7.4-.5 14-1.8 17.2-6.3 15.4-55 113.1-55 113.1" style="fill:#609926"/><path d="M326.8 380.1c-8.2.1-15.4 5.8-17.3 13.8s2 16.3 9.1 20c7.7 4 17.5 1.8 22.7-5.4 5.1-7.1 4.3-16.9-1.8-23.1l24-49.1c1.5.1 3.7.2 6.2-.5 4.1-.9 7.1-3.6 7.1-3.6 4.2 1.8 8.6 3.8 13.2 6.1 4.8 2.4 9.3 4.9 13.4 7.3.9.5 1.8 1.1 2.8 1.9 1.6 1.3 3.4 3.1 4.7 5.5 1.9 5.5-1.9 14.9-1.9 14.9-2.3 7.6-18.4 40.6-18.4 40.6-8.1-.2-15.3 5-17.7 12.5-2.6 8.1 1.1 17.3 8.9 21.3s17.4 1.7 22.5-5.3c5-6.8 4.6-16.3-1.1-22.6 1.9-3.7 3.7-7.4 5.6-11.3 5-10.4 13.5-30.4 13.5-30.4.9-1.7 5.7-10.3 2.7-21.3-2.5-11.4-12.6-16.7-12.6-16.7-12.2-7.9-29.2-15.2-29.2-15.2s0-4.1-1.1-7.1c-1.1-3.1-2.8-5.1-3.9-6.3 4.7-9.7 9.4-19.3 14.1-29-4.1-2-8.1-4-12.2-6.1-4.8 9.8-9.7 19.7-14.5 29.5-6.7-.1-12.9 3.5-16.1 9.4-3.4 6.3-2.7 14.1 1.9 19.8z" style="fill:#609926"/></svg></a></li><li><a href='https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=JLNusZ8AAAAJ&hl=en' target=_blank title="Google scholar" rel=me><svg aria-label="Google Scholar" role="img" viewBox="0 0 512 512"><rect width="512" height="512" rx="15%" fill="#4285f4"/><path fill="#fff" d="M213 111l-107 94h69c5 45 41 64 78 67-7 18-4 27 7 39-43 1-103 26-103 67 4 45 63 54 92 54 38 1 81-19 90-54 4-35-10-54-31-71-23-18-28-28-21-40 15-17 35-27 39-51 2-17-2-28-6-43l45-38-1 16c-3 2-5 6-5 9v103c2 13 22 11 23 0V160c0-3-2-7-5-8v-25l16-16zm58 141c-61 10-87-87-38-99 56-11 83 86 38 99zm-5 73c60 13 61 63 10 78-44 9-82-4-81-30 0-25 35-48 71-48z"/></svg></a></li></ol><ol class=menu id=main-menu><li><a href=/><svg class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-home" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentcolor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"/><polyline points="5 12 3 12 12 3 21 12 19 12"/><path d="M5 12v7a2 2 0 002 2h10a2 2 0 002-2v-7"/><path d="M9 21v-6a2 2 0 012-2h2a2 2 0 012 2v6"/></svg>
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<span>Dark Mode</span></li></ol></li></ol></aside><aside class="sidebar right-sidebar sticky"><section class="widget archives"><div class=widget-icon><svg class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-hash" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentcolor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"/><line x1="5" y1="9" x2="19" y2="9"/><line x1="5" y1="15" x2="19" y2="15"/><line x1="11" y1="4" x2="7" y2="20"/><line x1="17" y1="4" x2="13" y2="20"/></svg></div><h2 class="widget-title section-title">Table of contents</h2><div class=widget--toc><nav id=TableOfContents><ol><li><a href=#black-screen-and-lightdm-doesnt-unlock>Black screen and LightDM doesn’t unlock</a></li><li><a href=#prevent-logoff-from-killing-tmux-sessions>Prevent logoff from killing tmux sessions</a></li><li><a href=#upload-a-temporary-file>Upload a temporary file</a></li></ol></nav></div></section></aside><main class="main full-width"><article class="has-image main-article"><header class=article-header><div class=article-image><a href=/linux/><img src=/img/linux.png loading=lazy alt="Featured image of post Linux"></a></div><div class=article-details><header class=article-category><a href=/categories/linux/ style=background-color:#2a9d8f;color:#fff>Linux</a></header><div class=article-title-wrapper><h2 class=article-title><a href=/linux/>Linux</a></h2><h3 class=article-subtitle>Tips and tricks for GNU/Linux and Unix</h3></div><footer class=article-time><div><svg class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-clock" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentcolor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"/><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="9"/><polyline points="12 7 12 12 15 15"/></svg>
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<time class=article-time--reading>2 minute read</time></div></footer></div></header><section class=article-content><h2 id=black-screen-and-lightdm-doesnt-unlock>Black screen and LightDM doesn’t unlock</h2><p>Add this to your /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf file:</p><div class=highlight><div class=chroma><table class=lntable><tr><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code><span class=lnt>1
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</span><span class=lnt>2
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</span></code></pre></td><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-cfg data-lang=cfg><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=k>[LightDM]</span>
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=na>logind-check-graphical</span><span class=o>=</span><span class=s>true</span>
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</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></div><p>##Edit previous commands</p><p><code>fc</code> is a shell builtin to list and edit previous commands in an editor.
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In addition to editing a single line (which you can also do with <code>C-x C-e</code>), it also allows you to edit and run several lines at the same time.
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You use it like this:</p><p>List previous commands</p><div class=highlight><div class=chroma><table class=lntable><tr><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code><span class=lnt>1
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</span><span class=lnt>2
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</span><span class=lnt>3
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</span><span class=lnt>4
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</span><span class=lnt>5
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</span></code></pre></td><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell><span class=line><span class=cl>$ <span class=nb>fc</span> -l
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=m>10259</span> nvim deploy.sh
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>10260* <span class=nb>cd</span> ..
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>10261* nvim content/cheatsheet/linux.md
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=m>10262</span> <span class=nb>cd</span>
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</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></div><p>List commands with date (in zsh)</p><div class=highlight><div class=chroma><table class=lntable><tr><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code><span class=lnt>1
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</span><span class=lnt>2
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</span><span class=lnt>3
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</span><span class=lnt>4
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</span><span class=lnt>5
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</span></code></pre></td><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell><span class=line><span class=cl>$ <span class=nb>fc</span> -ld
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>10260* 19:38 <span class=nb>cd</span> ..
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>10261* 19:38 nvim content/cheatsheet/linux.md
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=m>10262</span> 19:40 <span class=nb>cd</span>
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=m>10263</span> 19:40 <span class=nb>fc</span> -l
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</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></div><p>You can add the date too:</p><div class=highlight><div class=chroma><table class=lntable><tr><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code><span class=lnt>1
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</span><span class=lnt>2
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</span><span class=lnt>3
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</span><span class=lnt>4
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</span></code></pre></td><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell><span class=line><span class=cl>$ <span class=nb>fc</span> -fld
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=m>10262</span> 1/10/2019 19:40 <span class=nb>cd</span>
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=m>10263</span> 1/10/2019 19:40 <span class=nb>fc</span> -l
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=m>10264</span> 1/10/2019 19:40 <span class=nb>fc</span> -ld
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</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></div><p>You can edit a range of commands</p><div class=highlight><div class=chroma><table class=lntable><tr><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code><span class=lnt>1
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</span></code></pre></td><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell><span class=line><span class=cl>$ <span class=nb>fc</span> <span class=m>10262</span> <span class=m>10264</span>
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</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></div><p>The range can be relative to the current position, so the previous command is equivalent to:</p><div class=highlight><div class=chroma><table class=lntable><tr><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code><span class=lnt>1
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</span></code></pre></td><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell><span class=line><span class=cl>$ <span class=nb>fc</span> -3 -1
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</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></div><p>If you save and exit, all commands are executed as a script, and it will be added to your history.</p><p>Source: <a class=link href=https://shapeshed.com/unix-fc/ target=_blank rel=noopener>https://shapeshed.com/unix-fc/</a></p><h2 id=prevent-logoff-from-killing-tmux-sessions>Prevent logoff from killing tmux sessions</h2><p>Lately I’ve noticed that logging out of i3, intentionally or when i3 fails, would also kill any tmux or emacs sessions.
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This is extremely annoying.</p><p>This is caused by a new default in logind (systemd’s login) to kill user process on logoff.
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You can revert this setting in your logind.conf (<code>/etc/systemd/logind.conf</code>):</p><div class=highlight><div class=chroma><table class=lntable><tr><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code><span class=lnt>1
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</span></code></pre></td><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-cfg data-lang=cfg><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=na>KillUserProcesses</span><span class=o>=</span><span class=s>no</span>
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</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></div><p>Or only for a specific process (e.g., tmux):</p><div class=highlight><div class=chroma><table class=lntable><tr><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code><span class=lnt>1
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</span></code></pre></td><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell><span class=line><span class=cl>systemd-run --scope --user tmux
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</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></div><p>Source: <a class=link href=https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/490267/prevent-logoff-from-killing-tmux-session target=_blank rel=noopener>https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/490267/prevent-logoff-from-killing-tmux-session</a></p><h2 id=upload-a-temporary-file>Upload a temporary file</h2><p>Sometimes you just need to copy/paste a file from a server, and copying from the terminal can be a hassle.
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These two services are command-line “pastebins” just one curl away:</p><div class=highlight><div class=chroma><table class=lntable><tr><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code><span class=lnt>1
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</span><span class=lnt>2
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</span><span class=lnt>3
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</span><span class=lnt>4
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</span><span class=lnt>5
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</span><span class=lnt>6
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</span><span class=lnt>7
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</span><span class=lnt>8
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</span></code></pre></td><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell><span class=line><span class=cl><command> <span class=p>|</span> curl -F <span class=s1>'sprunge=<-'</span> http://sprunge.us
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=c1># OR</span>
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><command> 2><span class=p>&</span><span class=m>1</span> <span class=p>|</span> curl -F <span class=s1>'f:1=<-'</span> ix.io
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=c1># OR</span>
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl>
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><command> <span class=p>|</span> curl -F<span class=s2>"file=@-"</span> https://ttm.sh
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</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></div><h1 id=install-fortinet-sslvpn-support-for-networkmanager>Install Fortinet SSLVPN support for NetworkManager</h1><p>UPM (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid) uses a propriatary VPN solution.
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The instructions for GNU/Linux on their website involve downloading a specific client (<code>.tar.gz</code>) and manually running it.
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That works, but it is kind of a hassle.
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A much more convenient alternative is installing this NetworkManager plugin:</p><div class=highlight><div class=chroma><table class=lntable><tr><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code><span class=lnt>1
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</span><span class=lnt>2
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</span></code></pre></td><td class=lntd><pre tabindex=0 class=chroma><code class=language-shell data-lang=shell><span class=line><span class=cl>pacman -Sy networkmanager-fortisslvpn
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</span></span><span class=line><span class=cl><span class=c1># Or apt get install networkmanager-fortisslvpn </span>
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</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div></div><p>Now you can simply add a new VPN connection in NetworkManager and manage it as you would any other connection.</p></section><footer class=article-footer><section class=article-tags><a href=/tags/linux/>Linux</a>
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<a href=/tags/arch/>Arch</a></section><section class=article-copyright><svg class="icon icon-tabler icon-tabler-copyright" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke-width="2" stroke="currentcolor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round"><path stroke="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0z"/><circle cx="12" cy="12" r="9"/><path d="M14.5 9a3.5 4 0 100 6"/></svg>
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