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   "source": [
    "![](http://www.upm.es/sfs/Rectorado/Gabinete%20del%20Rector/Logos/UPM/EscPolitecnica/EscUpmPolit_p.gif \"UPM\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Course Notes for Learning Intelligent Systems"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "Department of Telematic Engineering Systems, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, © Carlos A. Iglesias"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Modules and Packages\n",
    "\n",
    "*Modules* contains definitions and objects that can be reused in other programmes.\n",
    "\n",
    "*Packages* contain subpackages of modules. They are directories and provide the namespace for modules.\n",
    "\n",
    "For example, let's have this package babel, a subpackage messages and the modules plurals and catalog:\n",
    "\n",
    "<code>\n",
    "babel/\n",
    "    messages/\n",
    "        \\_\\_init\\_\\_.py\n",
    "        plurals.py\n",
    "        catalog.py\n",
    "</code>\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# We can import the module plural with import, but we should use the full name\n",
    "import babel.messages.plurals\n",
    "plurals.get_plural()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import babel.messages.plurals\n",
    "babel.messages.plurals.get_plural()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from babel.messages import plurals # with from-import, we can use the short name\n",
    "plurals.get_plural()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "from babel.messages.plurals import get_plural # now we can use directly get_plural()\n",
    "get_plural()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "To write a module, it is just needed to include the code in a file ended with \".py\" and the name of the file is the name of the module.\n",
    "\n",
    "Packages are directories that should have a file \\_\\_.init\\_\\_.py, that can be an empty file or contain initialization code.\n",
    "\n",
    "Read this if you want to distribute your modules [https://wiki.python.org/moin/CheeseShopTutorial]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Licence"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "The notebook is freely licensed under under the [Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/).  \n",
    "\n",
    "© Carlos A. Iglesias, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid."
   ]
  }
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